As our dogs grow older, they often slow down in familiar ways: a longer snooze by the fire, a gentler pace on the morning walk, a little more grey around the muzzle. But some changes are not a normal part of ageing. Arthritis — also called osteoarthritis or degenerative joint disease — affects a large proportion of older dogs, and it can creep in so gradually that owners mistake early signs for tiredness or stubbornness. Recognising those first subtle shifts means you can act sooner, keeping your dog comfortable and mobile for as long as possible.

Why Older Dogs Hide Joint Pain

Dogs are good at masking discomfort. In the wild, showing weakness could make an animal vulnerable, and that instinct remains strong in our pets. A dog with sore hips or elbows may not cry out or limp dramatically. Instead, they adapt: they take a slightly different route up the stairs, shift their weight when standing, or become less enthusiastic about the things they once loved. Because the change happens over months rather than days, it is easy to accept each small compromise as normal. The key is to notice patterns, not one-off moments.

Movement Changes You Might Notice on Walks

Walks are often where joint pain first becomes visible. Pay attention to how your dog rises from their bed, moves on the lead, and negotiates different surfaces. Early signs include:

• Stiffness after rest — taking a few awkward steps before settling into a rhythm, especially in the morning or after a long nap.
• Slowing down gradually — lagging behind on familiar routes, stopping more often to sniff or rest, or refusing to keep up with their usual pace.
• Reluctance to jump or climb — hesitating before getting into the car, avoiding the stairs, or needing a run-up to get onto the sofa.
• Changes in gait — a shortened stride, a slight swing of the hindquarters, or a bunny-hopping motion when trotting, which can indicate hip discomfort.
• Shifting weight — standing with one leg angled out, or sitting in a lopsided way to keep weight off a sore joint.
• Difficulty with toileting posture — a bitch may squat for less time, or a dog may find it hard to lift a leg, leading to accidents indoors.

These signs are easy to miss on a good day, so keep a diary for a week or two. Note the time of day, the surface, and how long the stiffness lasts.

Mood, Grooming and Behaviour Clues at Home

Joint pain does not only affect movement; it can change a dog's entire demeanour. You might see:

• Irritability or withdrawal — a normally sociable dog who growls when touched near the hips, or who hides away from family life.
• Excessive licking or chewing — focused on a particular joint, paw, or flank, often as a way to soothe deep ache.
• Changes in grooming — a dog who stops cleaning their hindquarters or paws because it is too painful to twist or reach.
• Sleeping more, or restlessness at night — some dogs sleep to escape discomfort, while others pace or reposition constantly because they cannot get comfortable.
• Reluctance to be handled — pulling away from a harness, collar, or a gentle stroke along the back.
• Toilet accidents — not a behavioural lapse, but a sign that holding on or getting to the door has become difficult.

Any change in temperament deserves attention, but when it comes alongside stiffness or reluctance to move, joint pain should be high on the list.

Everyday Care and Countryside Adjustments

Small changes at home can make a big difference. Keep your dog lean — extra weight puts strain on already painful joints, and your vet can advise on a healthy target. Swap long walks for shorter, more frequent outings that include plenty of sniffing and gentle sniffari time. Warm up stiff muscles with a slow five-minute lead walk before any off-lead exercise, and avoid cold, hard ground in winter; a coat can help keep the muscles around the spine and hips warm.

At home, provide a supportive orthopaedic bed away from draughts, and use non-slip mats on hard floors. Ramps or steps can help your dog get into the car or onto a favourite sofa without jumping. Trim nails regularly — long nails change the way a dog stands and can worsen joint strain. If you walk in the countryside, be mindful of uneven ground, stiles, and slippery mud; a harness with a handle can help you steady your dog on tricky terrain. Always allow plenty of time and never rush a stiff dog.

When to Seek Veterinary Advice

If you notice any of these changes lasting more than a few days, or if they are affecting your dog's quality of life, book a check-up with your vet. Do not assume that slowing down is old age. Modern veterinary medicine offers options, including pain relief, joint supplements, physiotherapy, and weight management plans. Early intervention can slow the progression of arthritis and keep your dog comfortable. Keep a diary of what you observe, including videos of your dog moving, as this helps your vet assess the problem. With the right care, many older dogs continue to enjoy their favourite walks and cosy evenings for years to come.